Peer-reviewed Publications:
Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Zanchettin, D., Brönnimann, S., Lundstad, E., and Wilson, R.: The unidentified eruption of 1809: a climatic cold case, Clim. Past, 17, 1455–1482, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-1455-2021, 2021.
Hegglin, M. I., Tegtmeier, S., Anderson, J., Bourassa, A. E., Brohede, S., Degenstein, D., Froidevaux, L., Funke, B., Gille, J., Kasai, Y., Kyrölä, E. T., Lumpe, J., Murtagh, D., Neu, J. L., Pérot, K., Remsberg, E. E., Rozanov, A., Toohey, M., Urban, J., von Clarmann, T., Walker, K. A., Wang, H.-J., Arosio, C., Damadeo, R., Fuller, R. A., Lingenfelser, G., McLinden, C., Pendlebury, D., Roth, C., Ryan, N. J., Sioris, C., Smith, L., and Weigel, K.: Overview and update of the SPARC Data Initiative: comparison of stratospheric composition measurements from satellite limb sounders, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1855–1903, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1855-2021, 2021.
Clyne, M., Lamarque, JF., Mills, MJ., Khodri, M., Ball, W., Bekki, S., Dhomse, SS., Lebas, N., Mann, G., Marshall, L., Niemeier, U., Poulain, V., Robock, A., Rozanov, E., Schmidt, A., Stenke, A., Sukhodolov, T., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Tummon, F., Zanchettin, D., Zhu, YQ. & Toon, OB. (2021). Model physics and chemistry causing intermodel disagreement within the VolMIP-Tambora Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol ensemble. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21: 3317-3343.
Bader, J., Jungclaus, J., Krivova, N., Lorenz, S., Maycock, A., Raddatz, T., Schmidt, H., Toohey, M., Wu, C. J. and Claussen, M.: Global temperature modes shed light on the Holocene temperature conundrum, Nat. Commun., 11(1), 1–8, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18478-6, 2020.
Aubry, TJ., Toohey, M., Marshall, L., Schmidt, A. & Jellinek, AM. (2020). A New Volcanic Stratospheric Sulfate Aerosol Forcing Emulator (EVA_H): Comparison With Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 125(e2019JD031303).
von, Savigny C., Timmreck, C., Buehler, SA., Burrows, JP., Giorgetta, M., Hegerl, G., Horvath, A., Hoshyaripour, GA., Hoose, C., Quaas, J., Malinina, E., Rozanov, A., Schmidt, H., Thomason, L., Toohey, M. & Vogel, B. (2020). The Research Unit VolImpact: Revisiting the volcanic impact on atmosphere and climate - preparations for the next big volcanic eruption. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 29: 3-18.
Brovkin, V., Lorenz, S., Raddatz, T., Ilyina, T., Stemmler, I., Toohey, M. & Claussen, M. (2019). What was the source of the atmospheric CO2 increase during the Holocene?. Biogeosciences, 16: 2543-2555.
Zanchettin, D., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Jungclaus, JH., Bittner, M., Lorenz, SJ. & Rubino, A. (2019). Clarifying the Relative Role of Forcing Uncertainties and Initial-Condition Unknowns in Spreading the Climate Response to Volcanic Eruptions. Geophysical Research Letters, 46: 1602-1611.
Toohey, M., Kruger, K., Schmidt, H., Timmreck, C., Sigl, M., Stoffel, M. & Wilson, R. (2019). Disproportionately strong climate forcing from extratropical explosive volcanic eruptions. Nature Geoscience, 12: 100-107.
DallaSanta, K., Gerber, EP. & Toohey, M. (2019). The Circulation Response to Volcanic Eruptions: The Key Roles of Stratospheric Warming and Eddy Interactions. Journal of Climate, 32: 1101-1120.
Timmreck, C., Mann, GW., Aquila, V., Hommel, R., Lee, LA., Schmidt, A., Bruhl, C., Carn, S., Chin, M., Dhomse, SS., Diehl, T., English, JM., Mills, MJ., Neely, R., Sheng, JX., Toohey, M. & Weisenstein, D. (2018). The Interactive Stratospheric Aerosol Model Intercomparison Project (ISA-MIP): motivation and experimental design. Geoscientific Model Development, 11: 2581-2608.
Marshall, L., Schmidt, A., Toohey, M., Carslaw, KS., Mann, GW., Sigl, M., Khodri, M., Timmreck, C., Zanchettin, D., Ball, WT., Bekki, S., Brooke, JSA., Dhomse, S., Johnson, C., Lamarque, JF., LeGrande, AN., Mills, MJ., Niemeier, U., Pope, JO., Poulain, V., Robock, A., Rozanov, E., Stenke, A., Sukhodolov, T., Tilmes, S., Tsigaridis, K. & Tummon, F. (2018). Multi-model comparison of the volcanic sulfate deposition from the 1815 eruption of Mt. Tambora. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18: 2307-2328.
Jungclaus, JH., Bard, E., Baroni, M., Braconnot, P., Cao, J., Chini, LP., Egorova, T., Evans, M., Gonzalez-Rouco, JF., Goosse, H., Hurtt, GC., Joos, F., Kaplan, JO., Khodri, M., Goldewijk, KK., Krivova, N., LeGrande, AN., Lorenz, SJ., Luterbacher, J., Man, WM., Maycock, AC., Meinshausen, M., Moberg, A., Muscheler, R., Nehrbass-Ahles, C., Otto-Bliesner, BI., Phipps, SJ., Pongratz, J., Rozanov, E., Schmidt, GA., Schmidt, H., Schmutz, W., Schurer, A., Shapiro, AI., Sigl, M., Smerdon, JE., Solanki, SK., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Usoskin, IG., Wagner, S., Wu, CJ., Yeo, KL., Zanchettin, D., Zhang, Q. & Zorita, E. (2017). The PMIP4 contribution to CMIP6-Part 3: The last millennium, scientific objective, and experimental design for the PMIP4 past1000 simulations. Geoscientific Model Development, 10: 4005-4033.
Toohey, M. & Sigl, M. (2017). Volcanic stratospheric sulfur injections and aerosol optical depth from 500 BCE to 1900 CE. Earth System Science Data, 9: 809-831.
Fiehn, A., Quack, B., Hepach, H., Fuhlbrugge, S., Tegtmeier, S., Toohey, M., Atlas, E. & Kruger, K. (2017). Delivery of halogenated very short-lived substances from the west Indian Ocean to the stratosphere during the Asian summer monsoon. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17: 6723-6741.
Toohey, M., Stevens, B., Schmidt, H. & Timmreck, C. (2016). Easy Volcanic Aerosol (EVA v1.0): an idealized forcing generator for climate simulations. Geoscientific Model Development, 9: 4049-4070.
Zanchettin, D., Khodri, M., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Schmidt, A., Gerber, EP., Hegerl, G., Robock, A., Pausata, FSR., Ball, WT., Bauer, SE., Bekki, S., Dhomse, SS., LeGrande, AN., Mann, GW., Marshall, L., Mills, M., Marchand, M., Niemeier, U., Poulain, V., Rozanov, E., Rubino, A., Stenke, A., Tsigaridis, K. & Tummon, F. (2016).
The Model Intercomparison Project on the climatic response to Volcanic forcing (VolMIP): experimental design and forcing input data for CMIP6. Geoscientific Model Development, 9: 2701-2719.
Toohey, M., Kruger, K., Sigl, M., Stordal, F. & Svensen, H. (2016). Climatic and societal impacts of a volcanic double event at the dawn of the Middle Ages. 136: 401-412.
Kremser, S., Thomason, LW., von, Hobe M., Hermann, M., Deshler, T., Timmreck, C., Toohey, M., Stenke, A., Schwarz, JP., Weigel, R., Fueglistaler, S., Prata, FJ., Vernier, JP., Schlager, H., Barnes, JE., Antuna-Marrero, JC., Fairlie, D., Palm, M., Mahieu, E., Notholt, J., Rex, M., Bingen, C., Vanhellemont, F., Bourassa, A., Plane, JMC., Klocke, D., Carn, SA., Clarisse, L., Trickl, T., Neely, R., James, AD., Rieger, L., Wilson, JC. & Meland, B. (2016). Stratospheric aerosol-Observations, processes, and impact on climate. Reviews of Geophysics, 54: 278-335. Bittner, M., Timmreck, C., Schmidt, H., Toohey, M. & Kruger, K. (2016). The impact of wave-mean flow interaction on the Northern Hemisphere polar vortex after tropical volcanic eruptions. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 121: 5281-5297.
Metzner, D., Kutterolf, S., Toohey, M., Timmreck, C., Niemeier, U., Freundt, A. & Kruger, K. (2014). Radiative forcing and climate impact resulting from SO2 injections based on a 200,000-year record of Plinian eruptions along the Central American Volcanic Arc. International Journal of Earth Sciences, 103: 2063-2079.
Sigl, M., McConnell, JR., Toohey, M., Curran, M., Das, SB., Edwards, R., Isaksson, E., Kawamura, K., Kipfstuhl, S., Kruger, K., Layman, L., Maselli, OJ., Motizuki, Y., Motoyama, H., Pasteris, DR. & Severi, M. (2014). Insights from Antarctica on volcanic forcing during the Common Era. Nature Climate Change, 4: 693-697.
Neu, JL., Hegglin, MI., Tegtmeier, S., Bourassa, A., Degenstein, D., Froidevaux, L., Fuller, R., Funke, B., Gille, J., Jones, A., Rozanov, A., Toohey, M., von, Clarmann T., Walker, KA. & Worden, JR. (2014). The SPARC Data Initiative: Comparison of upper troposphere/lower stratosphere ozone climatologies from limb-viewing instruments and the nadir-viewing Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 119:6971-6990.
Toohey, M., Kruger, K., Bittner, M., Timmreck, C. & Schmidt, H. (2014). The impact of volcanic aerosol on the Northern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex: mechanisms and sensitivity to forcing structure. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 14: 13063-13079.
Hegglin, MI., Tegtmeier, S., Anderson, J., Froidevaux, L., Fuller, R., Funke, B., Jones, A., Lingenfelser, G., Lumpe, J., Pendlebury, D., Remsberg, E., Rozanov, A., Toohey, M., Urban, J., von, Clarmann T., Walker, KA., Wang, R. & Weigel, K. (2013). SPARC Data Initiative: Comparison of water vapor climatologies from international satellite limb sounders. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118: 11824-11846.
Toohey, M., Kruger, K. & Timmreck, C. (2013). Volcanic sulfate deposition to Greenland and Antarctica: A modeling sensitivity study. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118: 4788-4800.
Charlton-Perez, AJ., Baldwin, MP., Birner, T., Black, RX., Butler, AH., Calvo, N., Davis, NA., Gerber, EP., Gillett, N., Hardiman, S., Kim, J., Kruger, K., Lee, YY., Manzini, E., McDaniel, BA., Polvani, L., Reichler, T., Shaw, TA., Sigmond, M., Son, SW., Toohey, M., Wilcox, L., Yoden, S., Christiansen, B., Lott, F., Shindell, D., Yukimoto, S. & Watanabe, S. (2013). On the lack of stratospheric dynamical variability in low-top versions of the CMIP5 models. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118: 2494-2505.
Tegtmeier, S., Hegglin, M., Anderson, J., Bourassa, A., Brohede, S., Degenstein, D., Froidevaux, L., Fuller, R., Funke, B., Gille, J., Jones, A., Kasai, Y., Kruger, K., Kyrola, E., Lingenfelser, G., Lumpe, J., Nardi, B., Neu, J., Pendlebury, D., Remsberg, E., Rozanov, A., Smith, L., Toohey, M., Urban, J., Von, Clarmann T., Walker, K. & Wang, R. (2013). SPARC Data Initiative: A comparison of ozone climatologies from international satellite limb sounders. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(21): 12229-12247.
Toohey, M., Hegglin, M., Tegtmeier, S., Anderson, J., Anel, J., Bourassa, A., Brohede, S., Degenstein, D., Froidevaux, L., Fuller, R., Funke, B., Gille, J., Jones, A., Kasai, Y., Kruger, K., Kyrola, E., Neu, J., Rozanov, A., Smith, L., Urban, J., Von, Clarmann T., Walker, K. & Wang, R. (2013). Characterizing sampling biases in the trace gas climatologies of the SPARC Data Initiative. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 118(20):11847-11862.
Toohey, M. & von, Clarmann T. (2013). Climatologies from satellite measurements: the impact of orbital sampling on the standard error of the mean. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6: 937-948.
Jones, A., Qin, G., Strong, K., Walker, KA., McLinden, CA., Toohey, M., Kerzenmacher, T., Bernath, PF. & Boone, CD. (2011). A global inventory of stratospheric NOy from ACE-FTS. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres, 116(D17304):
Toohey, M., Kruger, K., Niemeier, U. & Timmreck, C. (2011). The influence of eruption season on the global aerosol evolution and radiative impact of tropical volcanic eruptions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11:12351-12367.
Toohey, M., Strong, K., Bernath, PF., Boone, CD., Walker, KA., Jonsson, AI. & Shepherd, TG. (2010). Validating the reported random errors of ACE-FTS measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 115(D20).
Strong, K., Wolff, MA., Kerzenmacher, TE., Walker, KA., Bernath, PF., Blumenstock, T., Boone, C., Catoire, V., Coffey, M., De, Maziere M., Demoulin, P., Duchatelet, P., Dupuy, E., Hannigan, J., Hopfner, M., Glatthor, N., Griffith, DWT., Jin, JJ., Jones, N., Jucks, K., Kuellmann, H., Kuttippurath, J., Lambert, A., Mahieu, E., McConnell, JC., Mellqvist, J., Mikuteit, S., Murtagh, DP., Notholt, J., Piccolo, C., Raspollini, P., Ridolfi, M., Robert, C., Schneider, M., Schrems, O., Semeniuk, K., Senten, C., Stiller, GP., Strandberg, A., Taylor, J., Tetard, C., Toohey, M., Urban, J., Warneke, T. & Wood, S. (2008). Validation of ACE-FTS N2O measurements. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8: 4759-4786.
Wolff, MA., Kerzenmacher, T., Strong, K., Walker, KA., Toohey, M., Dupuy, E., Bernath, PF., Boone, CD., Brohede, S., Catoire, V., Von, Clarmann T., Coffey, M., Daffer, WH., De, Maziere M., Duchatelet, P., Glatthor, N., Griffith, DWT., Hannigan, J., Hase, F., Hopfner, M., Huret, N., Jones, N., Jucks, K., Kagawa, A., Kasai, Y., Kramer, I., Kullmann, H., Kuttippurath, J., Mahieu, E., Manney, G., McElroy, CT., McLinden, C., Mebarki, Y., Mikuteit, S., Murtagh, D., Piccolo, C., Raspollini, P., Ridolfi, M., Ruhnke, R., Santee, M., Senten, C., Smale, D., Tetard, C., Urban, J. & Wood, S. (2008). Validation of HNO3, ClONO2, and N2O5 from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE-FTS). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8: 3529-3562.
Kerzenmacher, T., Wolff, MA., Strong, K., Dupuy, E., Walker, KA., Amekudzi, LK., Batchelor, RL., Bernath, PF., Berthet, G., Blumenstock, T., Boone, CD., Bramstedt, K., Brogniez, C., Brohede, S., Burrows, JP., Catoire, V., Dodion, J., Drummond, JR., Dufour, DG., Funke, B., Fussen, D., Goutail, F., Griffith, DWT., Haley, CS., Hendrick, F., Hopfner, M., Huret, N., Jones, N., Kar, J., Kramer, I., Llewellyn, EJ., Lopez-Puertas, M., Manney, G., McElroy, CT., McLinden, CA., Melo, S., Mikuteit, S., Murtagh, D., Nichitiu, F., Notholt, J., Nowlan, C., Piccolo, C., Pommereau, JP., Randall, C., Raspollini, P., Ridolfi, M., Richter, A., Schneider, M., Schrems, O., Silicani, M., Stiller, GP., Taylor, J., Tetard, C., Toohey, M., Vanhellemont, F., Warneke, T., Zawodny, JM. & Zou, J. (2008). Validation of NO2 and NO from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE). Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8: 5801-5841.
Toohey, M. & Strong, K. (2007). Estimating biases and error variances through the comparison of coincident satellite measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, 112(D13).