Research - Environmental Geochemistry - Geological Sciences

	Physical, chemical, and biological responses to disequilibrium conditions determine long-term environmental impacts of mining operations. Integrated understanding these collective responses is essential for assessing, managing, and mitigating impacts on water chemistry. Our research under this theme investigates the geochemical co-evolution of mine wastes and associated waters within active, reclaimed, and abandoned mining landscapes. We examine mass-transfer reactions and mass-transfer processes and their collective influence on release, transport, and attenuation of metal(loid)s and other dissolved constituents within these landscapes. Our collaborations with the private sector, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations help ensure our research results support decision making.
Current Trainees Postdoctoral Fellows: Dr. Valerie Schoepfer Doctoral Students: Phlilip Adene, Sanaz Hasani, Eduardo Marquez Master's Students: Yuanyi Wang, Emily Champion, Josh Paulsen, Drake Meili, Jake Marchi, Julia MacGillivray, Stuart Ferry Bachelor's Students: Scott Churchill Recent Publications (group members bolded) Lum, J.E. , Schoepfer, V.A. , Jamieson, H.E., McBeth, J.M., Borcinova Radkova, A., Walls, M.P. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2023). Arsenic and antimony geochemistry of historical roaster waste from the Giant Mine, Yellowknife, Canada. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 458: 132037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132037 Abdolahnezhad, M. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2022) Geochemical conditions influence vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum release from oil sands fluid petroleum coke. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 245: 103955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.103955 Francis, D.J., Barbour, S.L. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2022) Ebullition enhances chemical mass transport across the tailings-water interface of oil sands pit lakes. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 245: 103938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103938 Craig, A.T., Shkarupin, A., Amos, R.T., Lindsay, M.B.J., Blowes, D.W. & Ptacek, C.J. (2021). Reactive transport modelling of porewater geochemistry and sulfur isotope fractionation in organic carbon amended mine tailings. Applied Geochemistry, 127: 104904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104904 Lindsay, M.B.J., Vessey, C.J. & Robertson, J.M. (2019). Mineralogy and geochemistry of oil sands froth treatment tailings: Implications for acid generation and metal(loid) release. Applied Geochemistry, 102: 186–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.02.001 Funding, Support, and Partnerships NSERC Industrial Research Chairs program (Grant No. IRCPJ 463568-18); NSERC Alliance Grants program (Grant No. ALLRP 560243-20); Canadian Light Source (Peer-Reviewed Proposal Access); Giant Mine Oversight Board; Syncrude Canada Ltd.; Suncor Energy Inc.; Orano Canada Inc.

Weathered tailings at the former Western Nuclear mine, Saskatchewan, Canada.

Physical, chemical, and biological responses to disequilibrium conditions determine long-term environmental impacts of mining operations. Integrated understanding these collective responses is essential for assessing, managing, and mitigating impacts on water chemistry. Our research under this theme investigates the geochemical co-evolution of mine wastes and associated waters within active, reclaimed, and abandoned mining landscapes. We examine mass-transfer reactions and mass-transfer processes and their collective influence on release, transport, and attenuation of metal(loid)s and other dissolved constituents within these landscapes. Our collaborations with the private sector, government agencies, and non-governmental organizations help ensure our research results support decision making.

Current Trainees

Postdoctoral Fellows: Dr. Valerie Schoepfer

Doctoral Students: Phlilip Adene, Sanaz Hasani, Eduardo Marquez

Master's Students: Yuanyi Wang, Emily Champion, Josh Paulsen, Drake Meili, Jake Marchi, Julia MacGillivray, Stuart Ferry

Bachelor's Students: Scott Churchill

Recent Publications (group members bolded)

Lum, J.E. , Schoepfer, V.A. , Jamieson, H.E., McBeth, J.M., Borcinova Radkova, A., Walls, M.P. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2023). Arsenic and antimony geochemistry of historical roaster waste from the Giant Mine, Yellowknife, Canada. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 458: 132037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132037

Abdolahnezhad, M. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2022) Geochemical conditions influence vanadium, nickel, and molybdenum release from oil sands fluid petroleum coke. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 245: 103955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.103955

Francis, D.J., Barbour, S.L. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2022) Ebullition enhances chemical mass transport across the tailings-water interface of oil sands pit lakes. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 245: 103938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2021.103938

Craig, A.T., Shkarupin, A., Amos, R.T., Lindsay, M.B.J., Blowes, D.W. & Ptacek, C.J. (2021). Reactive transport modelling of porewater geochemistry and sulfur isotope fractionation in organic carbon amended mine tailings. Applied Geochemistry, 127: 104904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2021.104904

Lindsay, M.B.J., Vessey, C.J. & Robertson, J.M. (2019). Mineralogy and geochemistry of oil sands froth treatment tailings: Implications for acid generation and metal(loid) release. Applied Geochemistry, 102: 186–196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.02.001

Funding, Support, and Partnerships

NSERC Industrial Research Chairs program (Grant No. IRCPJ 463568-18); NSERC Alliance Grants program (Grant No. ALLRP 560243-20); Canadian Light Source (Peer-Reviewed Proposal Access); Giant Mine Oversight Board; Syncrude Canada Ltd.; Suncor Energy Inc.; Orano Canada Inc.

	Minerals influence the biogeochemical cycling of various redox-sensitive elements and are important controls on metal(loid) mobility and bioavailability in soils, sediments, and aquifers. Various (oxyhydr)oxide, (hydroxy)sulfate, and sulfide minerals, among others, contribute to metal(loid) release or attenuation under different environmental conditions. Our research explores impacts of changing environmental conditions (e.g., pH, redox, temperature) on metal-mineral interactions, emphasizing metal(loid) repartitioning during mineral transformation reactions and electron transfer reactions at mineral surfaces. We examine reaction mechanisms, pathways, and rates using combined experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches to improve understanding of metal-mineral interactions under dynamic environmental conditions.
Current Trainees Postdoctoral Fellows: Dr. Valerie Schoepfer, Dr. Ardalan Hayatifar Bachelor's Students: Simon Friesen Recent Publications (group members bolded) Schoepfer, V.A. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2022). Repartitioning of co-precipitated Mo(VI) during Fe(II) and S(-II) driven ferrihydrite transformation. Chemical Geology, 610: 121075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121075 Schoepfer, V.A., Lum, J.E., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2021). Molybdenum(VI) sequestration mechanisms during iron(II)-induced ferrihydrite transformation. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 5: 2094–2104. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00152 Schoepfer, V.A., Qin, K., Robertson, J.M., Das, S., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2020). Structural incorporation of sorbed molybdate during iron(II)-induced transformation of ferrihydrite and goethite under advective flow conditions. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 4: 1114–1126. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00099 Vessey, C.J., Schmidt, M.P., Abdolahnezhad, M., Peak, D., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2020). Adsorption of (poly)vanadate onto ferrihydrite and hematite: An in situ ATR–FTIR study. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 4: 641–649. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00027 Vessey, C.J. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2020). Aqueous vanadate removal by iron(II)-bearing phases under anoxic conditions. Environmental Science and Technology, 54: 4007–4015. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06250 Funding, Support, and Partnerships NSERC Discovery Grants program (Grant No. RGPIN 2020-05172); NSERC Industrial Research Chairs program (Grant No. IRCPJ 463568-18); Canadian Light Source (Peer-Reviewed Proposal Access).

Mixing zone in Engineer's Creek along Dempster Highway, Yukon, Canada.

Minerals influence the biogeochemical cycling of various redox-sensitive elements and are important controls on metal(loid) mobility and bioavailability in soils, sediments, and aquifers. Various (oxyhydr)oxide, (hydroxy)sulfate, and sulfide minerals, among others, contribute to metal(loid) release or attenuation under different environmental conditions. Our research explores impacts of changing environmental conditions (e.g., pH, redox, temperature) on metal-mineral interactions, emphasizing metal(loid) repartitioning during mineral transformation reactions and electron transfer reactions at mineral surfaces. We examine reaction mechanisms, pathways, and rates using combined experimental, analytical, and numerical approaches to improve understanding of metal-mineral interactions under dynamic environmental conditions.

Current Trainees

Postdoctoral Fellows: Dr. Valerie Schoepfer, Dr. Ardalan Hayatifar

Bachelor's Students: Simon Friesen

Recent Publications (group members bolded)

Schoepfer, V.A. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2022). Repartitioning of co-precipitated Mo(VI) during Fe(II) and S(-II) driven ferrihydrite transformation. Chemical Geology, 610: 121075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2022.121075

Schoepfer, V.A., Lum, J.E., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2021). Molybdenum(VI) sequestration mechanisms during iron(II)-induced ferrihydrite transformation. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 5: 2094–2104. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.1c00152

Schoepfer, V.A., Qin, K., Robertson, J.M., Das, S., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2020). Structural incorporation of sorbed molybdate during iron(II)-induced transformation of ferrihydrite and goethite under advective flow conditions. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 4: 1114–1126. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00099

Vessey, C.J., Schmidt, M.P., Abdolahnezhad, M., Peak, D., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2020). Adsorption of (poly)vanadate onto ferrihydrite and hematite: An in situ ATR–FTIR study. ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, 4: 641–649. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsearthspacechem.0c00027

Vessey, C.J. & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2020). Aqueous vanadate removal by iron(II)-bearing phases under anoxic conditions. Environmental Science and Technology, 54: 4007–4015. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b06250

Funding, Support, and Partnerships

NSERC Discovery Grants program (Grant No. RGPIN 2020-05172); NSERC Industrial Research Chairs program (Grant No. IRCPJ 463568-18); Canadian Light Source (Peer-Reviewed Proposal Access).

	Groundwater systems supply more than one-third of drinking water and nearly one-half of agricultural irrigation water globally. Increasing competition for finite groundwater resources will exacerbate existing challenges associated with unsustainable extraction, climate change, and both anthropogenic and geogenic contamination. Our research examines relationships between mass-transfer reactions and mass-transport processes to determine controls on the hydrogeochemical evolution of both deep and shallow groundwater systems. We have recently focused our research efforts on changing groundwater geochemistry in thawing permafrost regions. Our collaborations with academic partners, government agencies, private companies, and first nations are helping ensure this research informs groundwater protection and management.
Current Trainees Postdoctoral Fellows: Dr. Elliott Skierszkan Master's Students: Matt Fellwock Bachelor's Students: Ariel Panozo Cabrera Recent Publications (group members bolded) Skierszkan, E.K., Carey, S.K., Jackson, S.I., Fellwock, M.D., Fraser, C., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2024). Seasonal controls on stream metal(loid) signatures in discontinuous permafrost. Science of the Total Environment, 908: 167999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167999 Mowat, A.C., Francis, D.J., McIntosh, J.C., Lindsay, M.B.J., & Ferguson, G.A.G. (2021). Variability in timing and transport of Pleistocene meltwater recharge to regional aquifers. Geophysical Research Letters, 41: e2021GL094285. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094285 Skierszkan, E.K., Robertson, J.M., Lindsay, M.B.J., Stockwell, J.S., Dockrey, J.W., Das, S., Weis, D., Beckie, R.D., & Mayer, K.U. (2019). Tracing molybdenum attenuation in mining environments using molybdenum stable isotopes. Environmental Science and Technology, 53: 5678–5686. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00766 Vessey, C.J., Lindsay, M.B.J., & Barbour, S.L. (2019). Sodium transport and attenuation in soil cover materials for oil sands mine reclamation. Applied Geochemistry, 100: 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.10.023 Funding, Support, and Partnerships NSERC Discovery Grants program (Grant No. RGPIN-2020-05172); CFREF Global Water Futures Program; NRC Arctic and Northern Challenge Program; Canadian Light Source (Peer-Reviewed Proposal Access).

Groundwater discharge zone along Engineer's Creek on Dempster Highway, Yukon, Canada.

Groundwater systems supply more than one-third of drinking water and nearly one-half of agricultural irrigation water globally. Increasing competition for finite groundwater resources will exacerbate existing challenges associated with unsustainable extraction, climate change, and both anthropogenic and geogenic contamination. Our research examines relationships between mass-transfer reactions and mass-transport processes to determine controls on the hydrogeochemical evolution of both deep and shallow groundwater systems. We have recently focused our research efforts on changing groundwater geochemistry in thawing permafrost regions. Our collaborations with academic partners, government agencies, private companies, and first nations are helping ensure this research informs groundwater protection and management.

Current Trainees

Postdoctoral Fellows: Dr. Elliott Skierszkan

Master's Students: Matt Fellwock

Bachelor's Students: Ariel Panozo Cabrera

Recent Publications (group members bolded)

Skierszkan, E.K., Carey, S.K., Jackson, S.I., Fellwock, M.D., Fraser, C., & Lindsay, M.B.J. (2024). Seasonal controls on stream metal(loid) signatures in discontinuous permafrost. Science of the Total Environment, 908: 167999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167999

Mowat, A.C., Francis, D.J., McIntosh, J.C., Lindsay, M.B.J., & Ferguson, G.A.G. (2021). Variability in timing and transport of Pleistocene meltwater recharge to regional aquifers. Geophysical Research Letters, 41: e2021GL094285. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GL094285

Skierszkan, E.K., Robertson, J.M., Lindsay, M.B.J., Stockwell, J.S., Dockrey, J.W., Das, S., Weis, D., Beckie, R.D., & Mayer, K.U. (2019). Tracing molybdenum attenuation in mining environments using molybdenum stable isotopes. Environmental Science and Technology, 53: 5678–5686. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b00766

Vessey, C.J., Lindsay, M.B.J., & Barbour, S.L. (2019). Sodium transport and attenuation in soil cover materials for oil sands mine reclamation. Applied Geochemistry, 100: 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2018.10.023

Funding, Support, and Partnerships

NSERC Discovery Grants program (Grant No. RGPIN-2020-05172); CFREF Global Water Futures Program; NRC Arctic and Northern Challenge Program; Canadian Light Source (Peer-Reviewed Proposal Access).