The documentation for CRHM is available here.

The full manual for CRHM is available here.

Processes modelled by the software currently include;

• blowing snow redistribution
• snow and rain interception by forest canopies
• sublimation
• snowmelt in open and forested environments
• infiltration into frozen and unfrozen soils
• soil moisture storage and movement
• water movement along hillslopes (with and without permafrost)
• actual evaporation and evapotranspiration
• radiation exchange on complex surfaces and through vegetation
• wetland dynamics
• variable contributing area
• groundwater flow
• streamflow hydraulics
• gravitational snow transport
• glacier melt

The model also supports the concept of distinct landscape elements (Hydrological Response Units or HRUs), which may be linked episodically in process-specific sequences such as blowing snow, overland flow, organic layer subsurface flow, mineral interflow, groundwater flow, and streamflow.

The software has been implemented as an object-orientated framework within which new representations of specific processes may be incorporated very easily, allowing direct comparison of competing algorithms within the same contexts and forcings. Users are able to select from a wide range of process models, with varying complexities of representation, to build a basin hydrology model suitable for their investigations: the software then links these together in the most logical order.

This also means that the system is not limited to use in the investigation of high-latitude / high-altitude cold regions: by assembling and selecting a suitably relevant set of models, it may be used to investigate the hydrology for a wide variety of landscape / climate combinations.

Note that the software does not provide a means of calibrating these models from streamflow observations; the aim is to encourage reliance on improvements in the numerical representation of the hydrological processes at work to improve predictive performance, rather than to support application of 'fudge factor' parameters in order to force convergence between predicted and observed datasets. This in turn allows the model to be used as a self-testing tool through which to diagnose the adequacy of the hydrological understanding encapsulated within the algorithms employed, thereby reducing uncertainty when the same models are used for predictive applications.

The complete set of CRHM modules has been classified into the following categories;

• Basin: sets HRU physical, soil and vegetation characteristics
  
  
• Observation: interpolates meteorological data to the HRU, using adiabatic and precipitation distribution relationships, and saturation vapour pressure calculations. Includes climate change (temperature, humidity, precipitation) feature to permit sensitivity analysis
  
  
• Snow Transport: blowing snow transport and sublimation
  
  
• Interception: forest canopy and vegetation interception of rainfall, and interception and sublimation of snowfall, including drip and unloading
  
  
• Radiation: selection of routines for shortwave direct and diffuse algorithms, slope corrections, snow albedo decay, longwave radiation, canopy transmissivity, and net radiation. Permits assimilation of sunshine hours or incoming shortwave observations, and estimation of radiation terms using meteorological relationships where observations are missing
  
  
• Evaporation: including the Granger-Gray, Penman-Monteith, Priestly-Taylor and Shuttleworth-Wallace algorithms and optional soil moisture withdrawal curve and rooting zone control
  
  
• Snowmelt: implements Gray’s Energy-Balance Snowmelt Model, Marks’ USDA SNOBAL, Essery’s simple land-surface scheme melt model as well as simple radiation and temperature index techniques
  
  
• Infiltration: variety of infiltration routines for frozen soils, including Gray’s prairie method, Zhao & Gray’s parametric method, a frost depth calculation, Ayer’s unfrozen soil infiltration, Green-Ampt infiltration and redistribution
  
  
• Soil Moisture Balance: multiple flowpath two-layer model with depressional storage, macropore and groundwater options 
  
  
• Wetlands: permits open water evaporation and fill and spill or traditional routing from wetland or pond depressional storage
  
  
• Flow: mineral and organic layer flow over permafrost based on physically-based model, with timing and storage control of overland, interflow, sub-surface, groundwater and stream flow using options including the lag and route hydrograph method, a Richard’s Equation solution and/or Muskingum routing method 
  
  
• Gravitational Snow Transport: simulate snow transport by gravity along steep slope, this is topographic driven distribution of snow, more description by Bernhardt and Schulz (2010)
  
  
• Glacier Melt: estimate icemelt from glacier ice, firnmelt from firn layers and snowmelt from snowpack above glacier or firn layers based on energy-balance model, and melt fluxes can be estimated using the daily energy inputs or sub-daily energy inputs using katabatic parameterization, and optional debris-cover melt is also included; then movement of icemelt, firnmelt and snowmelt through glacier ice, firn and snowpack are handled by a simple lag and route method, more description by Pradhananga and Pomeroy (2022), Aubry-Wake et al. (2022)
  
  
• Freezing and Thawing Fronts Dynamics: simulate the freezing and thawing fronts in seasonal frost or permafrost soil based on a modified Stefan equation, more description by Xie and Gough (2013)

In most of these categories, a choice of process models is available, ranging from basic to strongly physically-based; this permits the most appropriate algorithms to be used for the available data, information reliability, basin characteristics, scale, intended output, and so on. For more details, download The cold regions hydrological modelling platform for hydrological diagnosis and prediction based on process understanding.

 

CRHM requires files (extension .obs) of high-frequency (preferably hourly) continuous time series of observed air temperature, wind speed, humidity, and precipitation. The R package CRHMr can be used to prepare these time series, including infilling missing values. CRHMr can also be used to post-process and plot CRHM outputs.

There are several other packages that can be used to acquire data for use by CRHM.

MSCr (https://github.com/CentreForHydrology/MSCr) reads data from Meteorological Service of Canada files.

Reanalysis (https://github.com/CentreForHydrology/Reanalysis) creates .obs files from several types of reanalysis files, including ERA, WATCH and NARR.

WISKIr (https://github.com/CentreForHydrology/WISKIr) reads data from a Wiski web server.

CRHM was included in the recent Earth System Models Snow Model Intercomparison Project (ESM-SnowMIP), the purpose of the project is to identify crucial processes and snow characteristics that need to be improved in local- and global-scale modeling, and it is tightly linked to the 6th phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6). The description paper can be found from here.

Click here to go to the latest release page for the software, where you can then download the latest version. The installation file along with source code and documentation of CRHM are listed in Assets.

To help keep track of our user-base, we request that you kindly send a message to centre.hydrology@usask.ca with the following details:

• Your name
• Your position or role
• Your institution, university or other organisation
• The city and country in which your institution is located
• Your e-mail address
• The purpose for which you intend to use the model

Many thanks!

2023

Aubry-Wake C. and Pomeroy J.W. (2023) Predicting hydrological change in an alpine glacierized basin and its sensitivity to landscape evolution and meteorological forcings. Water Resources Research: 59, e2022WR033363. DOI: 10.1029/2022WR033363

Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2023) Simulation of the impact of future changes in climate on the hydrology of Bow River headwater basins in the Canadian Rockies. Journal of Hydrology: 620, Part B, pp.129566, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129566
13.2 Mb PDF

He Z. and Pomeroy J.W. (2023) Assessing hydrological sensitivity to future climate change over the Canadian southern boreal forest. Journal of Hydrology: 624, pp.129897, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129897
 7.6 Mb PDF

2022

Aubry-Wake C., Pradhananga D. and Pomeroy J.W. (2022) Hydrological process controls on streamflow variability in a glacierized headwater basin. Hydrological Processes, 36, pp.e14731, DOI: 10.1002/hyp.14731
 4.68 Mb PDF

Aygün O., Kinnard C., Campeau S. and Pomeroy J.W. (2022) Landscape and climate conditions influence the hydrological sensitivity to climate change in eastern Canada. Journal of Hydrology, 615, Part A, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128595
 4.97 Mb PDF

Cordeiro M.R.C., Liang K., Wilson H.F., Vanrobaeys J., Lobb D.A., Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2022) Simulating the hydrological impacts of land use conversion from annual crop to perennial forage in the Canadian Prairies using the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling platform. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 26, pp.5917-5931, DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-5917-2022
 1.32 Mb PDF

Pomeroy J.W., Brown T., Fang X., Shook K.R., Pradhananga D., Armstrong R., Harder P., Marsh C., Costa D., Krogh S.A., Aubry-Wake C., Annand H., Lawford P., He Z., Kompanizare M. and Lopez Moreno J.I. (2022) The cold regions hydrological modelling platform for hydrological diagnosis and prediction based on process understanding. Journal of Hydrology: 615, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128711
 7.53 Mb PDF

Pradhananga D. and Pomeroy J.W. (2022) Recent hydrological response of glaciers in the Canadian Rockies to changing climate and glacier configuration. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 26, pp.2605-2616, DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-2605-2022
 3.81 Mb PDF

Pradhananga D. and Pomeroy J.W. (2022) Diagnosing changes in glacier hydrology from physical principles using a hydrological model with snow redistribution, sublimation, firnification and energy balance ablation algorithms. Journal of Hydrology: 608, pp.127545, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127545
 12.7 Mb PDF

Rasouli K., Pomeroy J.W. and Whitfield P.H. (2022) The sensitivity of snow hydrology to changes in air temperature and precipitation in three North American headwater basins. Journal of Hydrology: 606, pp.127460, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.127460
 14 Mb PDF

Spence C., He Z., Shook K.R., Mekonnen B.A., Pomeroy J.W., Whitfield C.J. and Wolfe J.D. (2022) Assessing hydrological sensitivity of grassland basins in the Canadian Prairies to climate using a basin classification-based virtual modelling approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 26, pp.1801-1819, DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-1801-2022
 7.86 Mb PDF

Spence C., He Z., Shook K.R., Pomeroy J.W., Whitfield C.J. and Wolfe J.D. (2022) Assessing runoff sensitivity of North American Prairie Pothole Region basins to wetland drainage using a basin classification-based virtual modelling approach. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 26, pp.5555-5575, DOI: 10.5194/hess-26-5555-2022
 4.48 Mb PDF

2021

Costa D., Pomeroy J.W., Brown T., Baulch H., Elliott J. and Macrae M. (2021) Advances in the simulation of nutrient dynamics in cold climate agricultural basins: Developing new nitrogen and phosphorus modules for the Cold Regions Hydrological Modelling Platform. Journal of Hydrology: 603, pp.126901, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126901
 6.78 Mb PDF 

He Z., Pomeroy J.W., Fang X. and Peterson A. (2021) Sensitivity analysis of hydrological processes to perturbed climate in a southern boreal forest basin. Journal of Hydrology: 601, pp.126706, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126706
 8.25 Mb PDF 

Krogh S.A. and Pomeroy J.W. (2021) Simulating site-scale permafrost hydrology: Sensitivity to modelling decisions and air temperature. Journal of Hydrology: 602, pp.126771, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2021.126771
 10.4 Mb PDF 

López-Moreno J.I., Pomeroy J.W., Morán-Tejeda M., Revuelto J., Navarro-Serrano F.M., Vidaller I. and Alonso-González E. (2021) Changes in the frequency of global high mountain rain-on-snow events due to climate warming. Environmental Research Letters: 16, pp.94021, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/ac0dde
 1.69 Mb PDF 

Menard C.B., Essery R.,Krinner G., Arduini G., Bartlett P., Boone A., Brutel-Vuilmet C., Burke E., Cuntz M., Dai Y., Decharme B., Dutra E., Fang X., Fierz C., Gusev Y., Hagemann S., Haverd V., Kim H., Lafaysse M., Marke T., Nasonova O., Nitta T., Niwano M., Pomeroy J., Schadler G., Semenov V., Smirnova T., Strasser U., Swenson S., Turkov D., Wever N. and Yuan H. (2021) Scientific and human errors in a snow model intercomparison. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: 102, pp. E61-E79. DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0329.1
 2.13 Mb PDF 

Shea J.M., Whitfield P.H., Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2021) The Role of Basin Geometry in Mountain Snowpack Responses to Climate Change. Frontiers in Water: 3, pp. 604275, DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2021.604275
 4.35 Mb PDF

2020

Essery R.;Kim H.;Wang L., Bartlett P.;Boone A.;Brutel-Vuilmet C.;Burke E.;Cuntz M.;Decharme B.;Dutra E.;Fang X.;Gusev Y.;Hagemann S.;Haverd V.;Kontu A.;Krinner G.;Lafaysse M.;Lejeune Y.;Marke T.;Marks D.;Marty C.;Menard C. B.;Nasonova O.;Nitta T.;Pomeroy J.;Schädler G.;Semenov V.;Smirnova T.;Swenson S.;Turkov D.;Wever N.;Yuan H. (2020) Snow cover duration trends observed at sites and predicted by multiple models. The Cryosphere: 14, pp. 4687-4698, DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-4687-2020
2.49 Mb PDF

Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2020) Diagnosis of future changes in hydrology for a Canadian Rockies headwater basin Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 24, pp. 2731-2754 DOI: 10.5194/hess-24-2731-2020
7.05 Mb PDF

López-Moreno, J.I.;Pomeroy J.W.;Alonso-González E.;Morán-Tejeda E.;Revuelto J. (2020) Decoupling of warming mountain snowpacks from hydrological regimes. Environmental Research Letters: 15, pp. 114006, DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abb55f
1.45 Mb PDF

Lv Z.and Pomeroy J.W. (2020) Assimilating snow observations to snow interception process simulations. Hydrological Processes: 34, pp.2229-2246, DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13720
 5.22 Mb PDF 

2019

Krogh S.A. and Pomeroy J.W. (2019) Impact of Future Climate and Vegetation on the Hydrology of an Arctic Headwater Basin at the Tundra-Taiga Transition. Journal of Hydrometeorology: 20, pp. 197-215 DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0187.1
2.72 Mb PDF

Lv Z., Pomeroy J.W., and Fang X. (2019) Evaluation of SNODAS Snow Water Equivalent in Western Canada and Assimilation Into a Cold Region Hydrological Model. Water Resources Research: 55, pp. 11166-11187, DOI: 10.1029/2019WR025333
13.98 Mb PDF

Rasouli K., Pomeroy J.W., and Whitfield P.H. (2019) Hydrological Responses of Headwater Basins to Monthly Perturbed Climate in the North American Cordillera. Journal of Hydrometeorology: 20, pp. 863-882, DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0166.1
2.24 Mb PDF

Rasouli K., Pomeroy J.W., and Whitfield P.H. (2019) Are the effects of vegetation and soil changes as important as climate change impacts on hydrological processes?. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 23, pp. 4933-4954, DOI: 10.5194/hess-23-4933-2019
4.77 Mb PDF

Stone L.E., Fang, X., Haynes, K.M., Helbig, M., Pomeroy, J.W., Sonnentag, O. and Quinton, W.L. (2019) Modelling the effects of permafrost loss on discharge from a wetland-dominated, discontinuous permafrost basin. Hydrological Processes: 33, pp. 2607-2626, DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13546
6.09 Mb PDF

(Other)

• Menard C.B., Essery R.,Krinner G., Arduini G., Bartlett P., Boone A., Brutel-Vuilmet C., Burke E., Cuntz M., Dai Y., Decharme B., Dutra E., Fang X.*, Fierz C., Gusev Y., Hagemann S., Haverd V., Kim H., Lafaysse M., Marke T., Nasonova O., Nitta T., Niwano M., Pomeroy J., Schadler G., Semenov V., Smirnova T., Strasser U., Swenson S., Turkov D., Wever N. and Yuan H. (2021)
  Scientific and human errors in a snow model intercomparison
  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society: 102, pp. E61-E79
  DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-19-0329.1
  2.13 Mb PDF 

• Shea J.M. and Whitfield P.H. and Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2021)
  The Role of Basin Geometry in Mountain Snowpack Responses to Climate Change
  Frontiers in Water: 3, pp. 1-18
  DOI: 10.3389/frwa.2021.604275
  4.35 Mb PDF 

• Essery R.;Kim H.;Wang L., Bartlett P.;Boone A.;Brutel-Vuilmet C.;Burke E.;Cuntz M.;Decharme B.;Dutra E.;Fang X.;Gusev Y.;Hagemann S.;Haverd V.;Kontu A.;Krinner G.;Lafaysse M.;Lejeune Y.;Marke T.;Marks D.;Marty C.;Menard C. B.;Nasonova O.;Nitta T.;Pomeroy J.;Schädler G.;Semenov V.;Smirnova T.;Swenson S.;Turkov D.;Wever N.;Yuan H. (2020)
  Snow cover duration trends observed at sites and predicted by multiple models
  The Cryosphere: 14, pp. 4687-4698
  DOI: 10.5194/tc-14-4687-2020
  2.49 Mb PDF 

• Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2020)
  Diagnosis of future changes in hydrology for a Canadian Rockies headwater basin
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 24, pp. 2731-2754
  DOI: 10.5194/hess-24-2731-2020
  7.05 Mb PDF 

• López-Moreno, J.I.;Pomeroy J.W.;Alonso-González E.;Morán-Tejeda E.;Revuelto J. (2020)
  Decoupling of warming mountain snowpacks from hydrological regimes
  Environmental Research Letters: 15, pp. 1-10
  DOI: 10.1088/1748-9326/abb55f
  1.45 Mb PDF 

• Krogh S.A. and Pomeroy J.W. (2019)
  Impact of Future Climate and Vegetation on the Hydrology of an Arctic Headwater Basin at the Tundra-Taiga Transition
  Journal of Hydrometeorology: 20, pp. 197-215
  DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0187.1
  2.72 Mb PDF 

• Lv Z., Pomeroy J.W., and Fang X. (2019)
  Evaluation of SNODAS Snow Water Equivalent in Western Canada and Assimilation Into a Cold Region Hydrological Model
  Water Resources Research: 55, pp. 11166-11187
  DOI: 10.1029/2019WR025333
  13.98 Mb PDF 

• Rasouli K., Pomeroy J.W., and Whitfield P.H. (2019)
  Are the effects of vegetation and soil changes as important as climate change impacts on hydrological processes?
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 23, pp. 4933-4954
  DOI: 10.5194/hess-23-4933-2019
  4.77 Mb PDF 

• Rasouli K., Pomeroy J.W., and Whitfield P.H. (2019)
  Hydrological Responses of Headwater Basins to Monthly Perturbed Climate in the North American Cordillera
  Journal of Hydrometeorology: 20, pp. 863-882
  DOI: 10.1175/JHM-D-18-0166.1
  2.24 Mb PDF
  
• Stone L.E., Fang, X., Haynes, K.M., Helbig, M., Pomeroy, J.W., Sonnentag, O. and Quinton, W.L. (2019)
  Modelling the effects of permafrost loss on discharge from a wetland-dominated, discontinuous permafrost basin
  Hydrological Processes: 33, pp. 2607-2626
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.13546
  6.09 Mb PDF

• Krogh S.A. and Pomeroy J.W. (2018)
  Recent changes in the hydrological cycle of an Arctic basin at the tundra-taiga transition
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 22, pp. 3993-4014
  DOI: 10.5194/hess-22-3993-2018 (5.5Mb PDF)
   
• Cordeiro M.R.C., Wilson H.F., Vanrobaeys J., Pomeroy J.W., Fang X., and The Red-Assiniboine Project Biophysical Modelling Team (2017)
  Simulating cold-region hydrology in an intensively drained agricultural watershed in Manitoba, Canada, using the Cold Regions Hydrological Model
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 21, pp. 3783-3506
  DOI: 10.5194/hess-21-3483-2017 
  (4.9Mb PDF)
   
• Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2016)
  Impact of antecedent conditions on simulations of a flood in a mountain headwater basin
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences: 21, pp. 3783-3506
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10910
  (1.64Mb PDF)
   
• Pomeroy J.W., Fang X. and Marks D.G. (2016)
  The cold rain-on-snow event of June 2013 in the Canadian Rockies - characteristics and diagnosis
  Hydrological Processes: 30, pp. 2899-2914
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.10905 
  (1.92Mb PDF)
   
• Weber M. Bernhardt M., Pomeroy J.W., Fang X., Härer S. and Schulz K. (2016)
  Description of current and future snow processes in a small basin in the Bavarian Alps 
  Environmental Earth Sciences: 75, pp. 1-18 
  DOI: 10.1007/s12665-016-6027-1 
  ( 1.62Mb PDF)
   
• Fang X., Pomeroy J.W., Ellis C.R., MacDonald M.K., DeBeer C.M. and Brown T. (2013)
  Multi-variable evaluation of hydrological model predictions for a headwater basin in the Canadian Rocky Mountains
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 17: pp. 1635–1659
  DOI:10.5194/hess-17-1635-2013
  (3.07Mb PDF)
   
• Quinton W.L. and Baltzer J.L. 2013)
  Changing surface water systems in the discontinuous permafrost zone: implications for streamflow
  Cold and Mountain Region Hydrological Systems Under Climate Change - Towards Improved Projections: Proceedings of H02, IAHS-IAPSO-IASPEI Assembly, Gothenburg, Sweden, July 2013IAHS Publ. 360: pp. 85-92
  (1.31Mb PDF)
   
• Quinton W.L. and Baltzer J.L. (2013)
  The active-layer hydrology of a peat plateau with thawing permafrost (Scotty Creek, Canada)
  Hydrogeology Journal 21(1): pp. 201-220
  DOI 10.1007/s10040-012-0935-2
  (1.35Mb PDF)
   
• López-Moreno J.I., Pomeroy J.W., Revuelto J. and Vicente-Serrano S.M. (2012)
  Response of snow processes to climate change: spatial variability in a small basin in the Spanish Pyrenees
  Hydrological Processes
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9408
  (577kb PDF)
   
• Pomeroy J., Fang X. and Ellis C. (2012)
  Sensitivity of snowmelt hydrology in Marmot Creek, Alberta, to forest cover disturbance
  Hydrological Processes 26: pp. 1891–1904
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.9248
  (661kb PDF)
   
• Armstrong R.W., Pomeroy J.W. and Martz L.W. (2010)
  Estimating Evaporation in a Prairie Landscape under Drought Conditions
  Canadian Water Resources Journal 35(2): pp. 173–186
  (1.39Mb PDF)
   
• Ellis C.R., Pomeroy J.W., Brown T. and MacDonald J. (2010)
  Simulation of snow accumulation and melt in needleleaf forest environments
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14: pp. 925-940
  (2.02Mb PDF)
   
• Fang X., Pomeroy J.W., Westbrook C.J., Guo X., Minke A.G. and Brown T. (2010)
  Prediction of snowmelt derived streamflow in a wetland dominated prairie basin
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14: pp. 1–16
  DOI:10.5194/hess-14-1-2010
  (799kb PDF)
   
• Essery R, Rutter N, Pomeroy J., Baxter R., Stähli M., Gustafsson D., Barr A., Bartlett P. and Elder K. (2009)
  SNOWMIP2: an Evaluation of Forest snow Process simulations
  Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 90: pp. 1120 1135
  DOI: 10.1175/2009BAMS2629.1
  (Online PDF)
   
• Quinton W.L., Bemrose R.K., Zhang Y. and Carey S.K. (2009)
  The influence of spatial variability in snowmelt and active layer thaw on hillslope drainage for an alpine tundra hillslope
  Hydrological Processes
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7327
  (448kb PDF)
   
• Rutter N., et al. (2009)
  Evaluation of forest snow processes models (SnowMIP2)
  Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres 114: D06111
  DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011063.
  (WWW)
   
• Dornes P.F., Pomeroy J.W., Pietroniro A., Carey S.K. and Quniton W.L. (2008)
  Influence of landscape aggregation in modelling snow-cover ablation and snowmelt runoff in a sub-arctic mountainous environment
  Hydrological Sciences 53(4): pp. 725-740
  (461kb PDF)
   
• Fang X. and Pomeroy J.W. (2008)
  Drought impacts on Canadian prairie wetland snow hydrology
  Hydrological Processes
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.7074
  (680kb PDF)
   
• Pomeroy J.W., Gray D.M., Brown T., Hedstrom N.R., Quinton W.L., Granger R.J. and Carey S.K. (2007)
  The cold regions hydrological model: a platform for basing process representation and model structure on physical evidence
  Hydrological Processes 21: pp. 2650–2667
  DOI: 10.1002/hyp.6787
  (330kb PDF)
   
• Quinton W.L., Carey S.K. and Goeller N.T. (2004)
  Snowmelt Runoff from Northern Alpine Tundra Hillslopes: Major Processes and Methods of Simulation
  Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 8(5): pp. 877-890
  (748kb PDF)